Immunogenicity and safety of one or two doses of the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine MenACWY-TT given alone or with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in toddlers: A phase III,open-label,randomised study

BackgroundWe evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of 1 and 2 doses of quadrivalent meningococcal serogroup A, C, W and Y tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) given alone or co-administered with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in toddlers.MethodsIn this phase III, open-label, controlled, multicentre study (NCT01939158), healthy toddlers aged 12–14 months were randomised into 4 groups to receive 1 dose of MenACWY-TT at month (M) 0 (ACWY_1), 2 doses of MenACWY-TT at M0 and M2 (ACWY_2), MenACWY-TT and PCV13 at M0 (Co-ad), or PCV13 at M0 and MenACWY-TT at M2 (PCV13/ACWY). Immune responses were assessed 1 month post-each vaccination. Solicited and unsolicited symptoms were recorded for 4 and 31 days post-each vaccination, respectively; serious adverse events (SAEs) and new onset of chronic illnesses (NOCIs) up to M9 from first vaccination.Results802 toddlers were vaccinated. Post-dose 1 of MenACWY-TT, ≥92.8% of toddlers had rSBA titres ≥1:8, and ≥62.5% had hSBA titres ≥1:4 for each meningococcal serogroup. Post-dose 2 of MenACWY-TT, rSBA titres ≥1:8 were observed in ≥98.0% and hSBA titres ≥1:4 in ≥95.3% of toddlers. Percentages of toddlers with hSBA titres ≥1:4 were higher after 2 doses versus 1 dose of MenACWY-TT for MenW (97.1% versus 62.5–68.9%) and MenY (95.3% versus 64.3–67.6%). Non-inferiority of immune responses to co-administered MenACWY-TT and PCV13 over their separate administration was demonstrated. AEs incidence was comparable among groups. SAEs were reported for 4.9%, 5.1%, 5.5% and 7.5%, and NOCIs for 2.0%, 3.0%, 0.5% and 3.5% of toddlers in the ACWY_1, ACWY_2, Co-ad and PCV13/ACWY groups, respectively; 4 SAEs reported in 3 toddlers were vaccine-related. Two fatal vaccine-unrelated SAEs were reported.ConclusionMenACWY-TT was immunogenic when administered as a single dose at 12–14 months of age. A second dose in toddlers increased hSBA responses against MenW and MenY. MenACWY-TT and PCV13 can be co-administered without impairing the immunogenicity or safety profile of either vaccine.     

电针胃俞募配穴对胃扩张模型大鼠海马c-fos表达水平及神经细胞活动的影响

目的 探讨海马参与电针胃俞募配穴调节胃扩张模型大鼠胃运动的中枢机制。 方法 将40只7周龄SD大鼠随机分为模型组、胃俞组、中脘组、中脘+胃俞组、非经非穴组,每组8只。采用胃内球囊扩张法复制胃扩张模型。模型组不予针刺,其余各组进行电针干预,每日1次,每次20 min,连续干预7 d。采用压力换能器检测大鼠胃内压,用双导智能胃肠电图仪测定大鼠体表胃电。采用免疫荧光法检测大鼠海马c-fos的表达水平,采用微阵列电极技术记录大鼠海马神经细胞放电变化。结果 与模型组比较,中脘组、胃俞组及中脘＋胃俞组大鼠胃内压、胃电振幅均显著升高（P<0.05）,海马CA1区c-fos表达水平及海马CA1区神经细胞放电频率均显著增加（P<0.05）,但非经非穴组上述指标均无明显变化（P>0.05）。与中脘组、胃俞组比较,中脘+胃俞组大鼠胃内压、胃电振值均显著上升（P<0.05）,海马CA1区c-fos表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）,海马CA1区神经细胞放电频率显著增加（P<0.05）。结论 海马CA1区神经细胞参与电针胃俞募配穴对胃运动的调节机制。     

陈霖主任治疗慢性胃炎的临床经验

介绍陈霖主任治疗慢性胃炎的临床经验。陈主任认为慢性胃炎属本虚标实,脾胃气虚、气机郁滞、胃失和降为最基本的病机,治疗上以枳术麦芽汤为基础方再结合辨证论治,处方用药崇尚寒热并用,主张在发作期遵循“甚者独行”的治疗原则,在缓解期遵循“间者并行”的治疗原则,临床疗效显著。     

Evidence for safe tourniquet use in 500 consecutive upper extremity procedures

Background

Although pneumatic tourniquets are widely used in upper extremity surgery, further evidence is needed to support their safe use. Excessive pressure and prolonged ischemic time can cause soft-tissue injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of tourniquet use in a yearlong, consecutive series of patients.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who underwent upper extremity surgery by two board-certified hand surgeons over a 1-year period was performed. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and complications were noted along with tourniquet parameters, including application site, ischemic pressure, and time.

Results

A total 505 patients were included in the study because a tourniquet was used during their operation. Patients ranged in age from 3 months to 90 years old (mean 40.1 years). More than half of the population was overweight (mean body mass index (BMI) 27.1), and 77.1 % of adults had at least one cardiac risk factor. No immediate or delayed tourniquet-related injuries were identified. The average operative time was 35.9 min, with an average tourniquet time of 33.1 min. Tourniquet inflation pressure of 250 or 225 mmHg was utilized in 78 and 21 % of adult patients, respectively; no patients had a pressure setting exceeding 275 mmHg.

Conclusion

In this series of more than 500 operations, there were no immediate or delayed tourniquet-related events using parameters determined perioperatively by the attending surgeon. Tourniquet pressures of 250 mmHg or less in adult patients with less than 2 h of ischemic time appear to be safe, even in the elderly and patients with multiple medical comorbidities.     

Outcomes of post burn flexion contracture release under tourniquet versus tumescent technique in children

Objective

To compare the clinical outcomes of release of flexion contractures after burn of the hand in children using tourniquet or tumescent technique in terms of operative time, postoperative pain score, and percentage of graft take.

基于中医传承辅助平台的吴生元教授治疗骨关节炎的用药规律分析*

目的 通过总结吴生元教授辨治骨关节炎的临床经验及用药特点,分析挖掘骨关节炎的用药规律,为临床治疗骨关节炎及新药开发研究提供借鉴。方法 采集就诊于吴生元教授门诊骨关节炎患者处方,双人校对审核录入“中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）”,使用药物四气、五味、归经及用药频次统计组方规律,使用关联规则分析、聚类分析、无监督熵聚类、复杂系统熵聚类等数据分析挖掘方法等进行药物组合分析。结果 筛选处方395张,出现频次大于10的高频药物46味,温、甘性味药物最为常用,归脾、肺、肝、肾四经的药物最多。结论 吴生元教授治疗骨关节炎用药强调“调补中焦”和“甘温补虚”;在此基础上辨证选用,以病为核心、以症为辅助治疗骨关节炎,形成独特诊疗经验。     

下腔静脉呼吸变异度预测下肢驱血带引起容量变化的研究

目的在全麻机械通气条件下运用下腔静脉呼吸变异度(VIVC)评估下肢骨科手术中上驱血带引起的容量变化。方法选取2017年3月至2017年10月拟在全麻联合神经阻滞下行单下肢lisfranc损伤手术患者37例,男19例,女18例,年龄25～50岁,BMI 20～30kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。所有患者在全身麻醉联合神经阻滞下记录上驱血带前即刻和上驱血带后即刻HR、平均动脉压(MAP)、每搏量(SV)和上驱血带前即刻下腔静脉呼吸变异率(VIVC)。根据上驱血带前即刻和上驱血带后即刻SV增加百分比(ΔSV)是否≥13%将患者分为有反应组(ΔSV≥13%,R组)和无反应组(ΔSV13%,NR组),R组18例,NR组19例。分析VIVC与ΔSV的相关性,绘制VIVC的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),评估VIVC评测使用上驱血带造成的容量变化的临床价值。结果R组上驱血带前即刻SV明显低于上驱血带后即刻(P0.05)。上驱血带前即刻R组VIVC明显高于NR组(P0.05)。VIVC与ΔSV呈线性正相关关系(r=0.627,P0.001)。将诊断金标准定为ΔSV≥13%,进行VIVC的ROC曲线绘制,计算得出曲线下面积(AUC)是0.886(95%CI0.734～1.000,P 0.01)。VIVC判断容量变化的阈值是15.97%,灵敏度88.9%,特异度为93.3%。结论在下肢骨科手术中,上驱血带前VIVC与上驱血带引起的SV变化值呈线性正相关关系,使用超声测量的VIVC能对驱血引起的容量变化进行预测,当VIVC为15.97%时,其预测灵敏度88.9%,特异度为93.3%。     

静脉吸毒感染HIV与吸毒人群症状分布特征的病例对照研究

目的调查因静脉吸毒感染HIV患者的症状学分布特征。方法根据中医理论和相关文献以及专家经验,编制“HIV感染者中医临床症状调查表”,对175例感染者进行一对一统一调查问卷,以125例吸毒而未感染HIV人群作为对照组,将结果进行统计分析。结果病例组与对照组差异显著的症状有24项,差异极显著的有少气懒言、头痛、痰多、盗汗等8项,此外与对照组比较有消瘦趋势而且各症状程度偏重。结论因吸毒感染HIV患者以气虚、血虚、阴虚、痰湿等方面的症状表现较为突出,整体免疫力呈下降表现。